Demography of Harbor Hills, Austin, TX

BB1751 Quantitative Methods Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BB1751 Quantitative Methods - Research Paper Example The outcomes have been classified and contrasted with show correlations between the cafés, their sizes, deals, types, representatives, and so forth. Results are communicated in a large number of pounds. The review results speak to 279 finished self-detailing mail studies. The respondents were approached to measure different explicit café realities. Most studies were rounded out totally while some were somewhat finished. When arranged the clear passages were recorded as no reaction. The respondents were approached to relate the general business point of view toward a 1 - 7 scale where 1 speaks to truly troublesome and 7 speaks to truly ideal. The accompanying pie diagram clarifies the outcomes: The graph helps report the accompanying consequences of the general business standpoint: 14% announced truly troublesome, 14% revealed less good, 24% detailed negative, 26% revealed great, 18% announced progressively positive, 3% generally ideal, 1% entirely ideal, and 0% no reaction. Most of respondents revealed the general business standpoint as ideal. The larger part (51%) of organizations announced that they were little with under ten workers. Medium size organizations made up of 10 to 20 representatives were of 24% of the aggregate. Enormous organizations, those with at least 20 representatives were (21%) of the aggregate. 5% of the respondents revealed no size. All out deals for private ventures... rket esteem for all organizations in the area was estimated at 83788 with a high of 12000 for one business and a normal market estimation of 349.12 for all organizations. The absolute expense of products sold estimated 12.6% of complete deals and wages estimated 7% of all out deals. The all out spent on promoting inside the segment was 2726. Respondents revealed that of the eateries in the segment 53% were inexpensive food, 33% were Business Dinner/Lunch, 10% were Private Dinner/Lunch, and 4% left that question clear. The all out seating limit announced inside the area were 19173 seats with the normal being 72 seats and the most noteworthy being 550 seats. Eateries inside the division are sole proprietorship (38%), organization (9%), or organization possessed (48%). 5% of the respondents left the inquiry clear. The accompanying diagram gives the rate breakdown: The Average number of fulltime representatives per business is 11 and the normal number of low maintenance workers if 13. The lion's share (51%) of organizations announced that they were little with under ten representatives. Medium size organizations made up of 10 to 20 workers were of 24% of the aggregate. Huge organizations, those with at least 20 representatives were (21%) of the aggregate. 5% of the respondents revealed no size. Complete deals for independent companies were accounted for as 18927, medium 17494, and huge 45822. Normal deals per independent venture were accounted for as 145.59, medium business 291.57, and enormous business 848.56. Enormous organizations made increasingly by and large, with private ventures straightaway and medium business deals falling around 1500 behind the independent ventures. The midpoints followed the little, medium, enormous example. The business standpoint dependent on eatery type was essentially the equivalent with the normal scores somewhere in the range of 3.3 and 3.4. That speaks to a revealing between

What You Need To Know About Becoming A Paper Editor

What You Need To Know About Becoming A Paper EditorOne of the most important jobs in the publishing industry is the job of a paper editor. Editors are the ones who provide a lot of time and effort to ensure that the papers that are sent out in order to their customers are sent out well. They do this by reviewing the files and ensuring that they are neatly arranged, that errors are fixed and that the images are clear. In addition, the paper editor will also contact the authors of the articles in order to confirm that the information has been accurate and that the images have been correctly placed.A paper editor is often paid a great deal of money for this job and, as such, they will work very hard to ensure that the papers that they are editing are of the highest standard possible. In order to do this, they need to be able to read through the many types of documents that are sent to them, so that they can be sure that all of the files are correct and that they have verified the spelli ng and grammar. Without doing this, the editor will have a lot of work on their hands.As well as reading the documents, the paper editor needs to know how to edit the files themselves. Editing involves changing the words in order to make the sentences better, removing mistakes or typos and making certain that the pictures look the best they possibly can. Editing a document could also involve correcting any small spelling mistakes, making sure that the document is as clear as possible and adding in highlighted text.If you wish to become a paper editor, you should aim to get an education in this field. This means that you should learn how to read a lot of documents, especially if this is something that you want to be doing. It will also help to know some sort of editing software in order to ensure that you are well aware of what needs to be done.There are many different elements that need to be considered when you decide to become a paper editor. First of all, youwill need to find a p aper that you would like to edit, even if it is not one that is being sent out to customers. Once you have chosen the paper, you will then need to sit down and write an outline for the entire document that you are editing.This outline will need to contain information about the file that you are editing, including the author, date, title and the exact location in which the file is located. It should also contain information about the whole of the story as well as the author's other works. You should be able to go through the outline and keep everything in order. You should also be able to find ways in which you can improve it.By keeping this outline in mind, you should be able to improve the documents as you go along and by looking at the various aspects of the story, you should be able to make the whole file better. This is a great way to get your foot in the door and get experience before going into a much more complicated job. You should however not be too worried about learning a lot of details until you actually start working as a paper editor. After that, you will be well aware of what is required and you can learn more as you go along.It is not always easy to become a paper editor, but it is something that is worth doing. You will spend a lot of time and effort to ensure that the papers that are being sent out are of the highest standard. This is something that will take a lot of dedication and hard work, but it is something that is worth doing.

Essay On Muslim Students - 1740 Words

Currently, at Andover, the Muslim student population is made up of around 8-12 students, representing less than 1 percent of the student population. There is one Muslim faculty member, new this year, representing less than 1 percent of the faculty population. Over the last several years, Muslim students have been given access to various prayer spaces, the school unable to provide one consistent location. Originally, there was a room in the basement of the chapel reserved for Muslim students, but after repeated use of this room by non-Muslim students for inappropriate behavior, the administration completely closed it off to both non-Muslim students and Muslim students. The prayer space then moved to the library, with the students expected†¦show more content†¦Currently, Andover is seen as a place where it is impossible to pray everyday, and that image should be changed. Initially, we proposed the creation of a faith space within the library, available for Muslim students and students of any other faith as well to use for prayer, meditation, etc., and solving the problem of centrality. This room would be protected by blue card access, and to gain access to the room students would need to fill out a school-approved form, solving the problem of exclusivity as only dedicated individuals could use the room. Also, because the library is open all week and for most hours, the room would be available for most of the day, solving the problem of availability. The strengths of the original idea were in its centrality, exclusivity, and availability. However, there were some unforeseen flaws in our plan noticed by Mr. Prescott and three Muslim students interviewed for feedback: Newaz Rahman, Sawsan AlShaiba, and Hana Illikkal. Fortunately, the weaknesses (what are they? Am I supposed t already know this?) pointed out by those four do not change the fundamental idea of the project: to dedicate a space to Muslim students and other underrepresented faith groups, but the way we go about doing that must change. Our feedback found that the weakest points were in our single-mindedness in location, the size of the space, the possible noise factor, getting access to the room, and spreading awareness. Instead of just thinking about theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis1003 Words   |  5 PagesAfter revising my essay, I have learned how to check my organization, clarifying, and examine my writing. My revising process was to erase, add and structure my essay till it achieved my purpose. Within my first body paragraph I discuss the pattern of organization within the author writing. I did not conclude my last sentence on how successful the author was on achieving the purpose for her intended audience. What I did to fix this is by explaining more about why I believed the organization of theRead MoreThe Satanic Verses By Salman Rushdie973 Words   |  4 Pageshis writings, from The Satanic Verses to recent essays like, Out of Kansas. I will also discuss the fatwa’ calling for his assassination and resulting in him being put under police protection by the British government. To begin, Rushdie was born into a Muslim family. Although Rushdie was a student of Islam, he claimed to be a lapsed Muslim. Ultimately, he expressed that he did not believe in supernatural entities, whether Christian, Jewish, Muslim or Hindu. Rushdie’s outspoken work, The SatanicRead MoreThe Fashion Choices People Make Should Not Define Who They Are1288 Words   |  6 Pagesbecause it involves my major in fashion and also an issue for which I can relate. The study of fashion and sociology can relate in some ways, therefore, this would be an interesting argumentative research topic. The first key point that I can use in my essay would be that children, especially teenagers, are judge by their peers based on their fashion choices. This claim supports my argument by showing that teenagers that are judged harshly, often feel forced to dress a certain way to be accepted. The secondRead MoreThe Golden Legend By Nadeem Aslam1357 Words   |  6 PagesChristian and Islamic prejudices and intolerance towards the other religion. In Pakistan, 97% of the population are Muslim with the remaining 3% being comprised of other religions including Christianity and Judaism; contrastingly in the United States, 1% of the population is Muslim and 76% of the population follow some form of Christianity. My first source, a collection of essays, included many opinions around preconceived notions of Islamic tolerance. From this I have paid most attention to theRead MoreIs the Ban on Muslim Headscarves in French Schools Justified?1271 Words   |  6 PagesI will advance the thesis that the banning on Muslim headscarves in French schools is not justified. By saying that the French ban on Muslim headscarves in public schools is not justified, I mean that, even though this ban was implemented as a means to neutralize public space, in hope of developing autonomy, as well as to protect females’ rights in traditional Muslim communities, the ban actually infringes on a more pressing rights of a person, and thus means that it is not justified as it does moreRead MoreShould Students Learn about World Religions in Public Schools?1247 Words   |  5 Pagesidentify a clear perspective (from which you are speaking) with an appropriate tone and an audience 3) write in third-person point of view (singular/plural) 4) write in present tense Logos = consistency; ethos- credibility; pathos- persuasion Should students learn about world religions in public schools? Introduction Begin creatively! (Start with a question, scenario, quote, statistic/fact, exclamatory statement.) Since 2003, the Modesto City school district in Modesto, Calif., has embarked on aRead MoreRacism And Racism1002 Words   |  5 Pagesto the United States; it was a shocked to see the level of discrimination against other races, being Muslim and a foreigner does not help either especially after 9/11. As many other victims I have also been target of racism because of my ethnicity. When I first joined high school here and my teacher introduced to me to the class and as I sat down there. I remember saying hi to the other students in my group and getting a very uninterested reply of â€Å"hello† before they each returned to their previousRead MoreEssay on Americans Get an F in Religion1311 Words   |  6 PagesMarch 27, 2013 Americans get an ‘F’ in religion Essay Assignment The focal purpose of the article ‘Americans get an ‘F’ in religion’ by Cathy Lynn Grossman is to explain how ignorant Americans are when it comes to other religions around the world and their own. Religion is a set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe, especially when considered as the creation of a superhuman agency or agencies, usually involving devotional and ritual observances, and often containingRead MoreEssay on Nation of Islam Movement1362 Words   |  6 Pageshis essay, Down At The Cross, Baldwin conveys that the movement reached more blacks during the sixties because time was ripe for it. During the 1960’s, black and white Americans began actively questioning and challenging the status quo. Baldwin believes the Christian world had become â€Å"morally bankrupt and politically unstable† (316), and that this opened the door to radical ideas which would have been considered madness in an earlier timefr ame (316). Although he does not agree with Muslim doctrineRead MoreBrianna Sparks. Mr. Zingale, Mr. Lehman. Us History, Language1685 Words   |  7 Pagesthings happen. We are treated like we’re terrorists, as if we want to cause trouble when above all we just want to make the United States a better place—contributing whether it’s through research, studying, or entrepreneurship,† Raya Bidshahri, a student at Boston University tells how President Trump’s Executive Order 13796 affects herself and her family (Lewin). Our Founding Fathers established the Constitution, in addition with the amendments, to form and build the roles of our government along

Essay about Child Abuse Globally - 1943 Words

Introduction Background of the Study Child abuse is a global problem that has received tremendous attention in Western Countries. The term â€Å"Child Abuse† refers to intentional acts that result in physical or emotional harm to children. Child abuse covers a wide range of behavior from physical assault by parents or other adult caretakers to neglect of child basic need. Traditionally, parent or adult have been entrusted by the society with the responsibility of caring for and guiding their childrens’ best interest. Observations have shown that parents or guardians differ in their ability to care for and protect their children. Thus the extent of child abuse is difficult to measure, culture around the world have different†¦show more content†¦The public often assume that people who abuse their children suffer from some form of mental disorder. But contrary to the belief, many people have abusive parent or adults are quite ordinary people. There is no single explanation for child abuse or maltreatment, child abuse result from complex combination of personnel’s, several and culture factors. The topic for this study focuses its attention on the major forms of child abuse and its effect on the academic performance of the children. There are several different types of child abuse, and some children experience more than one form of child abuse. Physical abuse includes deliberate act of violence that injure or even kill a child. Unexplained bruises, broken bones, or burn marks on a child may be signs of physical abuse. Sexual abuse occurs when adults use children for sexual gratification or expose them to sexual activities. Sexual abuse may begin with kissing or fondling and progress to more intrusive sexual acts such as oral sex and vaginal or oral penetration. Emotional abuse destroys child self-esteem; such abuse commonly includes repeated verbal abuse of child in the form of shouting, the threats and degrading or humiliating criticism. Other forms of emotional abuse are confinement, such as shutting ofShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Child Sexual Abuse1194 Words   |  5 PagesAround the world there are sexual abuse victims suffering everyday from fear, pain, and emotions. â€Å"20.7% of adults report being sexually abused as a child† (Child Help, 2011). Often between the lines sexual abuse can be classified as a wide range of actions between a child and adult. Among many individuals that have been sexual abused on a legal criteria later report the emotions of feeling scared or hopeless in later relationships. Studies show that these sexual abuse survivors have negative emotionalRead MoreChild Abuse- Social Problems Essays870 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Problems Child Abuse Child abuse is the physical, sexual, emotional mistreatment, or neglect of children. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or also known as CDC defines child abuse as any act or series of acts by a parent or other caregiver that could result in harm to a child. Most child abuse occurs in a childs home, but it could also be found within organizations, schools, or communities that the child interacts with. There are four majorRead MoreEffects Of Child Exposure On Domestic Violence Essay839 Words   |  4 PagesDenhyia Brigmon Kathy Johnson AP Language November 30, 2016 Effects of Child Exposure to Domestic Violence Children look at their parents as their own personal hero’s, but what type of a role model is a father who hits a mother? Who is truly to blame when a child feels responsible for what’s happening in the home? Being exposed to domestic violence seriously threatens the health and emotional wellbeing of children. Researchers found date that when domestic violence occurs in households with childrenRead MoreDeveloping A Child Sexual Abuse Treatment Program 1417 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this study is to develop a child sexual abuse treatment program is to create awareness among overall community members towards child rights protection and child safety. It plans to implement this program in the schools of the county of Florida; Okeechobee. Introduction Child abuse is the biggest curse for any society. It has become a major issue for discussion due to its seriousness and brutality. Through research it has been found that one out of ten children has the probabilityRead MoreChild Maltreatment Has A Serious Public Health Problem Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesChild maltreatment has been a serious public health problem not just in the United States but globally. Maltreatment is defined as neglect which means failure to provide for a child’s basic physical, educational, or psychological needs. Physical abuse such as causing physical harm, sexual abuse, abuse that includes fondling a child’s genitals or breasts, and psychological abuse, such as verbal put-downs and other behavior that terrorizes, threatens, rejects or isolates the child. â€Å"According to theRead MoreLooking at Types of Child Abuse1768 Words   |  7 Pages† This quote is from Dave Pelzer’s novel, A Child Called â€Å"It†. This quote is referring to, the idea that a child should feel like he/ she could do anything in their childhood, without worrying about any pr oblems going on in the world or in his/her parents lives. Child abuse has been happening worldwide for many years and still is. For this reason, the desire to prevent this issue can be realized through the aid of organizations such as CAPA (Child Abuse Prevention Association) as well as through theRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children990 Words   |  4 Pagesfrequent injuries, have poor nutrition, or avoid specific people for no reason may be showing signs of abuse. Very few people understand what abuse is and how it affects the children that are abused. For the majority of the population, abuse is a new term that many don’t fully understand because it can be defined in different ways depending on how abuse is viewed and considered. Knowing what child abuse is can help the millions of children affected by it each year. Being knowledgeable will also help increaseRead MoreCauses Of Domestic Violence1285 Words   |  6 Pagesproblem, which occurs in many countries. In recent years, domestic violence has been recognized as a serious problem globally. The only common thing between these problems are that the vast majority of the victims are women. Domestic Violence is a pattern of behavior used to establish power and control over another through emotional, physical, and mental attacks. Domestic violence and child maltreatment are considered not only a worldwide public health problem but also a major violation of children’sRead MoreViolence Has Long Been A Way Of Life871 Words   |  4 Pagesviolence by a current or former spouse or partner. Typically thought of as violence from man to women. Not true. IPV also covers the abuse of a man by women and gay or lesbian relationships. Globally nearly one in three women who have ever been in a relationship have experienced IPV (Gilles, 2015). According to Gilberto Caberra, MD (2015), the frequency and severity of abuse tend to increase overtime. IPV involves patterns of intimidating behavior use d to establish and maintain control over an intimateRead MoreThe Development Of Childhood Abuse Victims1357 Words   |  6 PagesDEVELOPMENT OF CHILDHOOD ABUSE VICTIMS 2 The Behavioral Development of Childhood Abuse Victims and How Their Children Are Affected In 2015, The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services released a report containing the following statistics: In 2013, approximately 3.9 million children in the United States were reported to have been abused or mistreated. 52 states reported a total of 678,932 child victims of abuse and neglect. Victims between

Financial Accounting Education Australia - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Financial Accounting Education Australia? Answer: Introducation The costs, incurred during acquisition of assets, can be classified into two categories capital expenditure and revenue expenditure. In general, the capital expenditures are included in the book value of the acquired assets, whereas, the revenue expenditures are treated as annual expenses and considered for determining the annual profit or loss. This classification is conducted in accordance to the nature and objective of the specific cost. If any cost is incurred for acquiring the asset or marketing the asset ready for operation, then such cost is included in the book value of the asset. On the other hand, costs, incurred for other purposes during the acquisition, are considered as revenue expenditures and not included in the book value of the assets (Deegan 2016). In this case, the costs, which are included in the book value of assets, are listed below with justifications: Legal Fees: Legal fees are often borne for acquiring any capital assets, especially, property. Without incurring such expenses, it is not possible to transfer the ownership of any assets. Hence, legal fees for the land purchase is included in the book value bof the land. Installation Cost: The machine, acquired, cannot be utilized for operation purpose until it is installed properly. Therefore. The installation cost of machinery is considered as a part of the book value of machinery. Renovation Cost: The building can be used fully only after renovating it properly. Hence, the renovation cost is included in the book value. Shipping Cost: Shipping cost is borne for moving the machine to the production area and is incorporated in the book value, therefore (Schroeder et al.2016). Though the training cost is incurred for using the machine properly, the training is given to the employees, who may not work in the same organization for the full estimated life of the machine. Even, some of the trained employee might be assigned to work in other fields of operation later. Hence, as it is not sure that the training cost can be consumed fully for operating the machine, it is not considered as a capital expenditure. Depreciation Schedule of Machinery: As per AASB, the companies can change the depreciation method, if required. Change in depreciation method can be done for various purposes. Due to the following reasons, the company has decided to change the depreciation: Under declining method, the depreciation expense uses to decreases every year and help to increase the net profit. Therefore, the companies have to pay higher tax in comparison to the previous periods. Change of depreciation method can help the company to increase the depreciation management in the later part of the estimated life of the assets. Thus, it can reduce the income tax expenses also (Williams 2014). Sometime, the productive life, estimated while acquiring the asset, may not match with the actual life of the asset. The asset can become obsolete before the estimated life or it may provide good service even after the end of the estimated life. Hence, change in depreciation method can be effective to adjust the change in the useful life of the asset (Henderson et al. 2015). Reference Deegan, C., 2016. Financial accounting. McGraw-Hill Education Australia Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. and Howieson, B., 2015.Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU Schroeder, R.G., Clark, M.W. and Cathey, J.M., 2016.Financial Accounting Theory and Analysis: Text and Cases: taxation-law. Wiley Global Education Williams, J., 2014.Financial accounting. McGraw-Hill Higher Educati

Molly Brown Essays - Mike Molly, American Women In World War I

Molly Brown The woman who would come to be known as the "Unsinkable Molly Brown" was born on Denkler Alley and Butler Street in Hannibal, Missouri on July 18, 1867. She was born during a very bad thunderstorm and her mother predicted right then that Molly would not be "just another pretty face." Margaret (Molly's birth name) grew up in a small town with a surprisingly small population of less than 20,000 people. (Heroine of the Titanic, 1) Margaret attended school for thirteen years. It was during these years that she earned her nicknames Maggie and Molly. She had a very open and close family. There were eight people in her small childhood home. These eight consisted of her two parents, her five brothers and sisters, and Molly herself. At the age of ten Molly's father taught her how to row a boat. He insisted that this skill would be useful for her later in life. If he only knew what laid in store for his daughter! A little known fact about Molly's family is that they were poor. She tried to keep this fact about her family a secret because she found it shameful and embarrassing. As a young girl Molly worked at the Park Hotel. She was soon dismissed for being too opinionated for a young lady. She then went to work in a tobacco plant, but found the conditions disgusting and vulgar. (The Unsinkable Molly Brown, 1) At the age of nineteen, Molly was getting bored in her small "same ol, same ol" town. When she heard that one of her favorite cousins and his wife were taking a train cross-country to Colorado she literally jumped at the idea of going with them. She had heard all of the stories of adventure and excitement in the West and wanted very badly to try her hand at it herself. Molly's parents decided to let her go because their small town had nothing to offer their daughter. Molly's main goal in life had always been to achieve success and be well known. They hoped their oldest child could make her dreams come true in the great land of Colorado. Once Molly got to Colorado, she was anxious to begin her own adventure and see what was in store for her. She got a job sewing carpets while she got her new life started. Her co-workers described her as a "capable and pleasant" employee. They all adored her because she had a bright, charming personality, and beauty to go with it. Molly's move to Colorado was also a bit terrifying because she could have found herself working in a crib house, as a prostitute, or a cook in a boarding house instead of fulfilling her dreams. It was here in Colorado that she met her future husband while the both were mining for silver. Molly met James Joseph Brown in a local mine. He fell madly in love with her charm and wit. Stories say that when he came to her house for their first dates he pulled up to her gate with an old , worn carriage and an aging horse. Molly said to James, "Certainly you are not taking me anywhere in that!" The next time James called on her, he had purchased a brand new horse and carriage just to show Molly off in. Maggie and J.J. married on September 1,1896. Not long after their marriage James struck it rich in the silver mines of Leadville. The couple bought a sixteen-room mansion that is now a museum. ( Molly Brown, 1) Legend says that not long after they moved into their large home, J.J. brought home his $300,000 paycheck . Molly placed it in the stove for safe keeping. When James came in later that evening and lit the stove to warm himself up, he did not realize that Molly had hidden the money there and in a split second their monthly fortune was gone. As good as things were going for J.J. and Molly financially, their marriage was heading for trouble. J.J. was sick of all the commotion Molly was causing around the town. Although documents do not reveal what commotion Molly got into , we can only begin to imagine what kind of things she stirred up! J.J. soon left Molly and she sent their children to boarding school. With no one for Molly to care for she decided to set off on her own

The Life of Pi Essays

The Life of Pi Essays The Life of Pi Paper The Life of Pi Paper Essay Topic: Life Of Pi The book Life of Pi by Yann Martel is a story about a young Indian boy named Piscine Molitor Patel and his Journey stranded in a lifeboat in the Pacific Ocean with only a tiger, Richard Parker. The Japanese cargo ship carrying his fathers zoo animals, his family, and workers, was traveling from India to Canada, where the Patels hoped to start a new life. Unfortunately, the ship sank from an unknown cause and Pi along with a tiger, orangutan, zebra, and hyena were the only survivors of the wreck. Eventually, Pi and Richard Parker were the last ones remaining. A part in the book hat really stuck out to me was in the beginning of the book where Piscene, known to all as P' (Martel, 22), was in Pondicherry, India with a strong desire to learn about different religions. Although the rest of his family believed they didnt need religion, Pi went his own way and let his curiosity get the best of him. His first religion was Hindu. Later, along with Hinduism, he practiced Christianity. Finally, he added Islam to his list of practicing faiths. I admire his steady devotion for learning about the different religions. Pi would show up as often as he could with a new question urning within him. I want to become more like P, having a strong desire and fascination to learn something new. In my opinion, it is one of the most fascinating quests in life. Practicing three different religions caused a lot of trouble between his family and his different religious leaders, who together all found out he was devout in all three sects. After much arguing between the pastor, imam, and pandit of which church he should Join, saying he must only choose one, Pis mother turned to him and asked what his thoughts were. Pi responded by saying, Bapu Ghandi said, All religions are true. I Just want to love God (Martel, 69). Whether your desire is to love God or something else, it is important to Just have that desire. Without it, what is the purpose of existing? From this, I was reminded that it is important to learn as much as you can and that it is okay to still be confused about life, for that will only help you to understand it more so long as you have a deep desire to understand, Just like Pl. I loved the way Martel opened my eyes showing me a new and positive perspective on such an abstract subject: the beauty of the relationship between life and death. I have never thought of this relationship as one being beautiful, nor have I ever sympathized with death before happening upon this quote. The reason death sticks so closely to life isnt biological necessity†its envy. Life is so beautiful that death has fallen in love with it, a Jealous, possessive love that grabs at whatever it can. But life leaps over oblivion lightly, losing only a thing or two of no importance, and gloom is but the passing shadow of a cloud (Martel, 6). The way he personifies life and death is truly a delightful image to apprehend. I wish I could sit down with he author and discuss this further over some tea. For the topic of life and death being one of the most fascinating and complex ideas known to mankind, he seems to have a lovely view on it. Martel describing life as being beautiful in a personified way enticed me to think about it in a way I havent before. I realized that yes life is indeed very beautiful; its stunning. Life is a sacred gift given to each of us and though we have the agency to spend it as we choose, I prefer to spend it wisely and with gratitude, not wasting a moment dwelling on anything that would not benefit or make ay Journey, Pi was interviewed in the hospital by two men from the Japanese Ministry of Transport who were hoping to find the cause of the sinking cargo ship. Pi told them the story of his Journey. In his story, he noticed the cargo ship was starting to sink in the midst of a terrible storm. He frantically alerted the crewmembers, which only spoke Chinese. They put a life Jacket on him and tossed him into the lifeboat, where a tiger was hiding under the tarpaulin. Soon after, a zebra Jumped in breaking its leg on the landing followed by a hyena. After the ship had sunk, an rangutan appeared floating on a large bundle of bananas. Because the zebra was helpless, the hyena decided to start eating it. This upset the orangutan, but it couldnt put up with a fght against the vicious, starving hyena. Once the hyena was finished eating what it could of the zebra and orangutan, the Bengal tiger also known as Richard Parker, attacked the hyena, which hopelessly surrendered. The Japanese men didnt believe him. They found it impossible that there could have been a tiger on the lifeboat and that an orangutan floated its way to the lifeboat on a bundle of ananas, saying that bananas dont even float. To test the validity of the story, Pi insisted that they fill the nearby sink with water and a bundle of bananas. To their surprise, the bananas floated. Still, they had plenty of doubts. The Japanese men wanted to bring back a story that was more believable. So, Pi told a different story. Instead of a hyena, it was the cook; his mother took place of the orangutan, and the sailor represented the zebra. He paralleled his original story to the second one, in disturbing, graphic detail. Instead of the hyena killing and eating the zebra and rangutan, it was the cook who killed and ate the sailor and his mother; instead of Richard Parker killing the hyena, it was Pi who killed the cook. The two men decided that they liked the first story more. Pi represented himself as Richard Parker. I am still struggling to figure out what the stories mean, especially the one about the Meerkat Island, where Pi and Richard Parker drifted to an island covered in algae and populated with thousands of meerkats. One night, after a few weeks of making themselves feel at home, Pi noticed something strange as he was getting his bed situated in a tree. As it got dark, all of the meerkats ran towards the forest and up the trees. He started to wonder why they were all frantically running away until he saw many dead fish floating to the top of one of the fresh water ponds. Meanwhile, Richard Parker slept in the lifeboat. It turned out that at night, the ground scorched their feet. In the morning, Pi noticed some fruit wrapped in vines and leaves hanging in only one specific tree and Just a small part of it. He climbed up the tree to pick one of the fruit, but as he unraveled the leaves, he found something else: a human tooth. Puzzled, he checked the rest of them. There were a total of thirty-two rotting human teeth. This caused him to suspect that the island was carnivorous and that an unlucky soul must have found the island but made the mistake of staying too long. Pi took this as his sign to leave the island and continue on his way in the Pacific. Though I dont know the meaning of some of these stories, I do have an idea that the Bengal tiger represents Pis animal instinct. With this in mind, I find it interesting that the only time Pi and Richard Parker were separated was when they were on the island. They were rarely seen together and Richard Parker even slept in the boat off the shore of the island while Pi slept high in a tree. But once he left the island, he and have survived. For example, on the Journey he had to apply it by killing and eating fish, which as a vegetarian he had never thought he would do. Life of Pi challenged me to think in ways I normally wouldnt. It took me out of my happy, blessed world, and instead put me in one life-threatening situation after another. Every time an event would happen in the book, I had to stop for a moment and ponder how I would have reacted or what I would have done in Pis position. Its easy for me to say that I would never hurt a living soul such as a fish even if I were under the influence of starvation, but maybe I would be so desperate that I wouldnt have to think twice. I certainly know I wouldnt be able to last as long as P. I think part of what helped him survive was his task of keeping Richard Parker alive. It gave him a sense of purpose and a reason to continue living. Perhaps it is important that I find my Richard Parker so that I may have a purpose to living a satisfying life. Martel, Yann. Life of Pi: A Novel. New York: Harcourt, 2001. Print.

A Beginners Guide to the Enlightenment

A Beginners Guide to the Enlightenment The Enlightenment has been defined in many different ways, but at its broadest was a philosophical, intellectual and cultural movement of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It stressed reason, logic, criticism, and freedom of thought over dogma, blind faith, and superstition. Logic wasn’t a new invention, having been used by the ancient Greeks, but it was now included in a worldview which argued that empirical observation and the examination of human life could reveal the truth behind human society and self, as well as the universe. All were deemed to be rational and understandable. The Enlightenment held that there could be a science of man  and that the history of mankind was one of progress, which could be continued with the right thinking. Consequently, the Enlightenment also argued that human life and character could be improved through the use of education and reason. The mechanistic universe – that is to say, the universe when considered to be a functioning machine – could also be altered. The Enlightenment thus brought interested thinkers into direct conflict with the political and religious establishment; these thinkers have even been described as intellectual â€Å"terrorists† against the norm. They challenged religion with the scientific method, often instead favoring deism. The Enlightenment thinkers wanted to do more than understand, they wanted to change for, as they believed, the better: they thought reason and science would improve lives. When Was the Enlightenment? There is no definitive starting or ending point for the Enlightenment, which leads many works to simply say it was a seventeenth and eighteenth-century phenomena. Certainly, the key era was the second half of the seventeenth century and almost all of the eighteenth. When historians have given dates, the English Civil wars and revolutions are sometimes given as the start, as they influenced Thomas Hobbes and one of the Enlightenment’s (and indeed Europe’s) key political works, Leviathan. Hobbes felt that the old political system had contributed to the bloody civil wars and searched for a new one, based on the rationality of scientific inquiry. The end is usually given as either the death of Voltaire, one of the key Enlightenment figures, or the start of the French Revolution. This is often claimed to have marked the downfall of the Enlightenment, as attempts to rework Europe into a more logical and egalitarian system collapsed into bloodshed which killed leading writers. Its possible to say that we are still in the Enlightenment, as we still have many of the benefits of their development, but Ive also seen it said were in a post-Enlightenment age. These dates do not, in themselves, constitute a value judgment. Variations and Self-Consciousness One problem in defining the Enlightenment is that there was a great deal of divergence in the leading thinkers views, and it is important to recognize that they argued and debated with each other over the correct ways to think and proceed. Enlightenment views also varied geographically, with thinkers in different countries going in slightly different ways. For instance, the search for a â€Å"science of man† led some thinkers to search for the physiology of a body without a soul, while others searched for answers to how humanity thought. Still, others tried to map humanity’s development from a primitive state, and others still looked at the economics and politics behind social interaction. This might have led to some historians wishing to drop the label Enlightenment were it not for the fact that the Enlightenment thinkers actually called their era one of Enlightenment. The thinkers believed that they were intellectually better off than many of their peers, who were still in a superstitious darkness, and they wished to literally ‘lighten’ them and their views. Kant’s key essay of the era, â€Å"Was ist Aufklrung† literally means â€Å"What is Enlightenment?†, and was one of a number of responses to a journal which had been trying to pin down a definition. Variations in thought are still seen as part of the general movement. Who Was Enlightened? The spearhead of the Enlightenment was a body of well-connected writers and thinkers from across Europe and North America who became known as the philosophes, which is the French for philosophers. These leading thinkers formulated, spread and debated the Enlightenment in works including, arguably the dominant text of the period, the Encyclopà ©die. Where historians once believed that the philosophes were the sole carriers of Enlightenment thought, they now generally accept that they were merely the vocal tip of a much more widespread intellectual awakening among the middle and upper classes, turning them into a new social force. These were professionals such as lawyers and administrators, office holders, higher clergy and landed aristocracy, and it was these who read the many volumes of Enlightenment writing, including the Encyclopà ©die and soaked up their thinking. Origins of the Enlightenment The scientific revolution of the seventeenth century shattered old systems of thinking  and allowed new ones to emerge. The teachings of the church and Bible, as well as the works of classical antiquity so beloved of the Renaissance, were suddenly found lacking when dealing with scientific developments. It became both necessary and possible for philosophes (Enlightenment thinkers) to begin applying the new scientific methods - where empirical observation was first applied to the physical universe - to the study of humanity itself to create a â€Å"science of man†. There was not a total break, as the Enlightenment thinkers still owed a lot to Renaissance humanists, but they believed they were undergoing a radical change from past thought. Historian Roy Porter has argued that what in effect happened during the Enlightenment was that the overarching Christian myths were replaced by new scientific ones. There is a lot to be said for this conclusion, and an examination of how science is being used by commentators does seem to greatly support it, although thats a highly controversial conclusion. Politics and Religion In general, Enlightenment thinkers argued for freedom of thought, religion, and politics. The philosophes were largely critical of Europe’s absolutist rulers, especially of the French government, but there was little consistency: Voltaire, critic of the French crown, spent some time at the court of Frederick II of Prussia, while Diderot traveled to Russia to work with Catherine the Great; both left disillusioned. Rousseau has attracted criticism, especially since World War 2, for appearing to call for authoritarian rule. On the other hand, liberty was widely espoused by Enlightenment thinkers, who were also largely against nationalism and more in favor of international and cosmopolitan thinking. The philosophes were deeply critical, indeed even openly hostile, to the organized religions of Europe, especially the Catholic Church whose priests, pope, and practices came in for severe criticism. The philosophes were not, with perhaps some exceptions like Voltaire at the end of his life, atheists, for many still believed in a god behind the mechanisms of the universe, but they railed against the perceived excesses and constraints of a church they attacked for using magic and superstition. Few Enlightenment thinkers attacked personal piety and many believed religion performed useful services. Indeed some, like Rousseau, were deeply religious, and others, like Locke, worked out a new form of rational Christianity; others became deists. It was not religion which irked them, but the forms and corruption of those religions. Effects of the Enlightenment The Enlightenment affected many areas of human existence, including politics; perhaps the most famous examples of the latter are the US Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. Parts of the French Revolution are often attributed to the Enlightenment, either as recognition or as a way to attack the philosophes by pointing to violence such as the Terror as something they unwittingly unleashed. There is also debate about whether the Enlightenment actually transformed popular society to match it, or whether it was itself transformed by society. The Enlightenment era saw a general turn away from the dominance of the church and the supernatural, with a reduction in belief in the occult, literal interpretations of the Bible and the emergence of a largely secular public culture, and a secular â€Å"intelligentsia† able to challenge the previously dominant clergy. The Enlightenment of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries era was followed by that of a reaction, Romanticism, a turn back to the emotional instead of the rational, and a counter-Enlightenment. For a while, in the nineteenth century, it was common for the Enlightenment to be attacked as the liberal work of utopian fantasists, with critics pointing out there were plenty of good things about humanity not based on reason. Enlightenment thought was also attacked for not criticizing the emerging capitalist systems. There is now a growing trend to arguing that the results of the Enlightenment are still with us, in science, politics and increasingly in western views of religion, and that we are still in an Enlightenment, or heavily influenced post-Enlightenment, age. More on the effects of the Enlightenment. There has been a lean away from calling anything progress when it comes to history, but youll find the Enlightenment easily attracts people willing to call it a great step forward.

12 Steps meetings for Narcotic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

12 Steps meetings for Narcotic - Assignment Example Narcotics Anonymous is a society or association of recovering addicts who possess the desire to stay clean. At the meeting, DSM IV diagnoses for Axis I included persons recovering from an exacerbation of schizophrenia, a major depressive episode or a flare-up of panic disorder. The meeting was held in a tent behind a church. The attendees included three women and eight men, all of whom were recovering addicts. Individually, I felt a little anxious given this was my first meeting and I was not sure of was to expect, except for the information I had gathered from my friends about the program. At the venue, there were people seated: some in groups talking while some seated quietly alone. I decided to take a seat close to the door just in case I wanted to quickly leave the room. The attendees sat in a circle of chairs and one woman, who I later learn was the chairperson of the meeting for the day, sat at the center of the circle. The chairperson asked everyone to join in reciting the ser enity prayer, and then inquired whether there were any first timers or newcomers, in attendance who were willing to introduce themselves. Handfuls raised their hands, and were each offered an opportunity to say their names. 12-step meetings are founded on the principle confidentiality; the group has the word â€Å"anonymous† in the title. ... During the meeting, the chairperson repeated a common 12 step saying to remind everyone of the significance of anonymity and confidentiality. The chairperson declared the step that was to be discussed, after which she read the step chapter from the book, "Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions,†. She then asked whether anybody had any experience, hope and strength with regard to the step, which they felt like sharing. This particular section was to me the most interesting part of the meeting. It was amazing to see people share their experiences with narcotics and relating it to the step as some appeared to follow my own personal experiences. As the meeting continued, attendees started talking, each beginning by introducing themselves as "Hello, I am (first name) and I'm an addict". At the end of their talks, everybody in the room would thank them then the next person would begin speaking. After everyone had shared, the chairperson asked whether there was any announcements and then announced that it was time to say the serenity prayer. The defense mechanisms used by some of the member at the meeting included denial and reluctance to admit addiction Everyone in the meeting put their arms around one another and recited the Serenity Prayer. This marked the end of the meeting. Sharing at the meeting benefits the individuals as it gives them a chance to release tension and unburden themselves. Other participants are able to give a different viewpoint on what has been shared, making them feel more of important contributors to the meeting. The law provides for involuntary commitment for substance abusers if (1) he is dangerous to himself, herself, or others when under the influence or (2) seriously disabled. The form used to appeal that a substance

Moral Dilemma of the Death of a Young Boy in Panama City Essay

Moral Dilemma of the Death of a Young Boy in Panama City - Essay Example We don't want to be compelled to believe that our choices are bad. This is then that we are caught in a moral dilemma. Moral dilemmas are considered dilemmas because of a certain kind of conflict between the rightness or wrongness of the actions and the goodness or badness of the consequences of the actions. If doing what is morally right results in something bad or if doing what is morally wrong results in something good, the force of moral obligation may seem balanced by the reality of the good end. We can have the satisfaction of being right, regardless of the damage done, or we can aim for what seems to be the best outcome, regardless of what wrongs must be committed (Ross, 2005). An unthinkable dilemma could be observed in William Styron's novel Sophie's Choice wherein Sophie had to make a choice which among her two children should she give up the o the Nazi doctor. She had to make a choice in order to save one of them, other else both will be killed. This is such an impossible dilemma for a mother who loves her children so much. Whichever child she chooses, she would end up with a negative consequence, that is losing one of her precious children. Sophie did make a choice because she wanted to keep at least one of them, only to find out that in the end, none would be left to her. Like Sophie, we may be faced with similar situations, though not as worse. Just like practicing the so-called white lies, a person thinks that if he uses that for good, the end would also be good because human tends to go for the positive results no matter what the means may be. But there are cases when we should accept the bad consequences because we ought to do something right. It's either we choose to do what is right and suffer the consequence or do wrong to achieve our desired outcome. Life situations, though, sometimes leave us with no choice. The crucial features of a moral dilemma are these: the person is required to do each of the two (or more) actions, the person can do each of the actions, but the person cannot do both (or all) of the actions.

relationships in Ordinary People :: essays research papers

Beth and Calvin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The relationship between the husband and wife seems initially to be perfect. They both show each other expressions of love. There is understanding, harmony, financial security, and good communication between them. The couple spends a lot of time together, discussing future plans, and talking about the good moments they had in the past. However, behind all of this positive interaction between the two of them is something they are both not able to face. The tragic loss of their son, Buck has caused a great amount of pain and anger they are not expressing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The wife lived in denial, trying to live the life of a perfect person unaffected by what had happened to her son Buck. A certain image had to be upheld and everything else was secondary. Even the love for her husband was not as perfect as it was shown..She tries to keep these feelings and memories of her lost son buried deep inside her. She finds it very difficult to show any emotion concerning the fact that one of her sons is never coming back. She tried to portray an image of things being just perfect. Her portrayal includes not wanting to discuss anything that may upset her, she is always walking away from the conversation. It seems as though she does it in every scene. The scene that caught my attention the most was at the end, when she walked away from Calvin after he said he wasn’t sure if he still loved her. That is a pretty powerful statement, and you would think she would want to know why. I’m sure she did, she just didn’t know how to discuss it. So par for the course, she walked away, with something else she will have to tuck away for the rest of her life. Conrad and Calvin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conrad and his father, Calvin, had a very good and strong trusting relationship. Although Conrad was stubborn and didn't want to speak of his troubles, Calvin would keep trying and didn't give up. Calvin really cared for Conrad and wanted him to share his feelings and emotions. For example, there was a scene when Calvin would walk into Conrad's room just to make sure he was doing fine. Calvin not only showed his affections nonverbally, he showed them verbally also. He wanted to see his son back to life, back to who he was.

History of the local film industry

Screen Production ( Homework )Discourse the history, development and development of local movie industry.Malayan movie industry can be state that there’s all sort mode of peoples and multiples nationalities. Our local movie industry started off in the 1930s and it’s multiethnic every bit good as it besides involve with other states. Through this, Malayan movie industry can travel on to many-sided field in footings of the peoples, their cultural, traditional values and so on. In 1933, Malaysia movie industry started off with the first film which is Leila Majnun. Most of them who is involved in this bash hold some basic apprehension of moving, executing and stagecraft as they were one time involved in Bangsawan which is called Malay Opera or possibly some traditional art signifiers. And this film Leila Majnun was really directed by B.S Rajhans. Through the success of the cinematic experience, there are this two brothers from Shanghai, which is besides local endowments as good, named Run Run and Runme Shaw. They started off the journey of production of Malay movie from the movie production studio that they set up in 1938 at Ampas Road in Singapore. But, merely 6 films they managed to bring forth before the Nipponese invasion in 1941. Those 6 films included Mutiara ( Pearl ) , Bermadu ( Polygamy ) , Topeng Shaitan ( Mask of the Devil ) , Hanchur Hati ( Heart Broken ) , Ibu tiri ( Stepmother ) , and Tiga Kekasih ( Three Lovers ) . Start from 1941 to 1945, when it’s under Nipponese colonial regulation, the Nipponese brought a new sort of movie production to the South East Asiatic market. Many of the movie industry forces ended up have to work for one of the Nipponese movie company which is Eiga Haikya Sha. Eiga Haikya Sha is the 1 which took over and controlled the distribution of South East Asiatic market. Merely the movie that get through Eiga can be show out, the movies that can be shown are fundamentally out-of-date Indian movies and Nipponese propaganda movies and war movies are non allowed. Some of the movies that were allowed to shown included Singapore Sokogeki, Marat Na Tora ( March to Singapore ) , Shina No Yoru ( A dark in China ) , and besides Tokyo Symphony. And so this is the clip the development and development of local movie industry. After the World War 2 in 1945, the Shaw brothers did non give up, they continue their movie production in 1947 and come out their first movie which directed by B.S Rajhans was Singapura Di-Waktu Malam ( Singapore by Night ) . P.Ramlee who is one of the fable of Malay movie universe in 1948 had debuted in a movie named â€Å"Cinta† which mean Love. As P.Ramlee was good in vocalizing and besides composing music, he brought up the diverseness to making films. P.Ramlee work together with many others Indian movie manager that who came into the state to assist advancement and spread out the movie industry. There was many emigrant were replaced by local managers by 1960s. Other movie production started to turn more and more, these included Nusantara Films which was owned by Hsu Chiao Meng who was a camera operator from Shanghai, Rimau Film Productions, Keris Production and besides Maria Menado Productions. Rimau Film Productions was opened by Ho Ah Loke in Tampines Road, Singapore. Then he changed the productions name to Keris Film Production after one movie was produced. After merged with Cathay Organization in 1956, the name Keris Film Production was once more changed to Cathy-Keris Film Productions. In the early old ages, movies were all black and white and the studios will hold their ain equipment and installations that needed to enter and redact sound. Although there were many productions that came up, but there were besides many of them that closed down due to the spread outing production costs and the deficiency of audiences. During 1961, H.M. Shah had bought a land in Kuala Lumpur and came up with Merdeka Studio. The Shaw Brothers helped out with the development by dispatched some movie managers from Singapore. Merdeka Studio has now converted to the central offices of National Film Development Corporation, Malaysia or you can name it FINAS. The movie industries growing more with exponential growing in Sabahan film in the twelvemonth of 1975. Major development return placed by the eightiess. The advancement of FINAS make a alteration and besides brought up betterment like gaves those immature film-makers the opportunity to prove their work, colorss to be used in movie, and so on. There were more than 300 movie production were made and registered under FINAS due to all these new inducements. FINAS manus in manus with Skim Wajib Tayang on 24ThursdayMay 2012 to let two local movies to be shown in the film. These yearss there are non merely Malay movies are produced but besides Mandarin and Tamil movies every bit good.What is the difference between films in the early yearss than the latest 1s in 21stcentury?First of wholly, the chief difference between films in the early yearss than the latest 1s in 21stcentury will be the cost of the movie. In the early yearss, there doesn’t truly cost much in this movie industry. Since some were in the signifier of wayang kulit ( Malay shadow drama ) , they didn’t have engineerings to redact films, and those yearss the effects were non necessary and the films were in black and white. For illustration Malay shadow drama, this applied a white screen with images traveling about which manipulated manually. While the sound will come from the voice of the operator of the marionettes with a set playing the music. And even the talen ts’ wage were fixed. In the 21stcentury, it’s so much different. Technology plays a large function for the devising of a films from the first twenty-four hours till the last twenty-four hours of hiting and redacting. And we can see as the highest place you are in the movie industry the higher your wage will be. Nowadays even people watch films for amusement intents but they will still care about the effects that the films used. Besides that, the films in the early yearss do non hold any station production effects such as 3D or even CGI which means computer-generated imagination. In the early yearss those films are more into vocals and looks. For illustration, Malay shadow drama was one up on movie in term of the sound. So the music will be played by the instrumentalist during the soundless film showings. But in 21stcentury, the films that produce will hold different ocular effects, different sorts of artworks and besides nice background music every bit good. As we know in the early yearss, the films were fundamentally in black and white. But now colours do play a large function every bit good because in the 21stcentury non must people will bask films which is merely black and white. Following will be the length of the films. Movies in the early yearss were really longer than the films we watched today. This is due in the early yearss their films were more on the vocals compare to the plot line, while in this yearss we really have a solid plot lines and it is more to indicate. Other than that, in this 21stcentury the content of the film are more diverse as compared to those films in the early yearss because in the early yearss they were chiefly focus more on development of states, war and even linguistic communication. While nowadays films there are so many different genre which is so interesting. In add-on, in 21stcentury, we need a batch of adult male power to assist out with the lighting, sound effects, and so on, so by this it will hold more occupation chances.Is our local movie industry promising and has potential to be every bit successful as Hollywood in going a film mill and planetary film distributer?Based on my sentiment, I think our local movie industr y promising and has potential to be every bit successful as Hollywood in going a film mill and planetary film distributer because in this 21stcentury, people have changed, they are non like people in the early yearss where largely are traditional minded. Alternatively the people in these yearss are really more unfastened minded, so that this do them more originative and have more interesting thoughts. By this grounds, our local movie industry can bring forth even more interesting and nice secret plan and executing in for the film. Besides that, of class our local movie industry still have to work hard on it to be every bit successful as Hollywood in going a film mill and planetary distributer as in the plot line, the manner they executed, the manner they shoot and so on as we know nil comes easy in this universe. I think that our local movie industry should come out more thoughts which is different and out of the box alternatively of those films that holding personal businesss, kampong narratives, and so on. Last but non least, to do a good film doesn’t mean you need to hold a batch of particular effects alternatively some films they will still be interesting without it. For illustration, the Gallic film, Fargo, where they have besides won a few awards. I believe that our local movie industry can be successful every bit good since in Malaysia we do hold a batch of great endowments such as Michelle Yeoh, Erra Fazira, Aaron Aziz and many more.

Limitations in High Schools Are Unconstitutional - 1070 Words

In America, teenagers are taught to not question or object what is going on in the world. The schools take away their First Amendment rights by not allowing teens to have free speech and voice their beliefs and opinions. The education given to them is censored and limited, not allowing them to see and know the truths behind everything. By doing this, teenagers are being raised to grow up blind like the current generation of adults. The people of America are not seeing the country as it truly is and this generation of teenagers, who are this country’s future, need to change that. The thing is that the educational system of today is going against those principles and is not allowing students to grow up as independent, truth seeking adults. The quality of education is in a crisis part of the reason being the unconstitutional limitations given, including the restrictions of religion. Religion in schools is shunned. Students are restricted from prayer because it is deemed unconstit utional to share individual beliefs in schools. Even during assemblies, ceremonies, or class, all prayer is prohibited. The rights of students’ religious exercise and expression are intrinsically important and must not be ignored. There are certain times when religion is appropriate at school and it should be an available subject to talk openly and freely about. Since schools do not teach about religion, it can give students false impressions that religious traditions of people are not significant orShow MoreRelatedThe Gun Free School Zones Act Of 19901164 Words   |  5 PagesPresident George H.W. Bush signed the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 into law on November 29, 1990, making it a federal offense for â€Å"any individual to knowingly possess a firearm at a place that the individual knows, or has reasonable cause to believe, is a school zone.† Subsequently, in United States v. 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Japanese Attack On Pearl Harbor - 955 Words

It is no question that people living in the United States in this current generation blame the Japanese for the attack on Pearl Harbor and will seize any opportunity to bring it up as an insult. However, do they consider why the Japanese did it? What was their reason for committing such an act? Why would Japanese soldiers give up their lives for such an act? It is never brought up and dismissed as if they were simply soulless monsters who attacked the U.S. out of hate. Another thing people don’t consider is the time this attack occurred: World War II— a time of war. The Japanese had a reason for such a risky attack and it was not an easy decision for them to make. This is not to justify their actions, but rather to take in consideration of the time period and making it clear as to why it was a reasonable decision to the Japanese at the time. The Japanese viewed the U.S.’s inactivity in the war and its The Great Depression as an opportunity to obtain more territor y in the Pacific. The Japanese’s intelligence on the American navy was also very limited and led them to think that â€Å"†¦if Japanese naval forces took out the American Pacific carriers at Pearl Harbor, there was simply no way for America, at least in the immediate future, to contradict any of their Pacific agendas† (Davis, Source 1: Real Reason Japanese Attacked Pearl Harbor). The Japanese thought that if anything the United States would enter into a negotiation or respond weakly to the attack as its naval base wasShow MoreRelatedThe Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor820 Words   |  3 PagesMany American’s were shocked by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, however there were many signs that the tensions between the two countries was growing. Japan was desperate for economic growth. In 1915 Japan issued the â€Å"Twenty-One Demands† to China in order to gain control in certain areas of the country. These demands were in conflict of the â€Å"O pen Door† U.S. policy to leave China a sovereign country. Leaving China sovereign would allow all other countries to have equal access to Chinese tradeRead MoreThe Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor1392 Words   |  6 Pagesby President Franklin Delano Roosevelt -- the Japanese unexpectedly attacked the United States’ naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. This crippling attack caused many American casualties, and American citizens quickly became filled with fury and abhorrence; the detestation that swallowed the hearts of the American citizens was shown through President Roosevelt’s expeditious appeal to Congress to declare war against Japan. The attack on Pearl Harbor was an unforgettable day in history and directlyRead MoreJapanese Attack On Pearl Harbor1437 Words   |  6 PagesOne fateful morning on Sunday, December 7, 1941, Japanese attack planes first hit the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii at 7:53AM. Approximately more than 2,000 soldier s and sailors were killed, and 1,000 were injured. The Japanese destroyed 200 airplanes and 20 American naval vessels, including 8 colossal battleships in just two hours. This surprise attack caused President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Congress to declare war on Japan, and its allies Italy and Germany also declaredRead MoreThe Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor811 Words   |  3 Pages Hopes of American-Japanese relations came crumbling down when Japan launched a surprise attack on America during World War II (WWII) that would kill thousands. As the Empire of Japan expanded land into China, Americans became angered. The United States stopped all shipments of oil and steal to Japan which was being used to make various war machinery and thereon began sending other military hardware to the military leader of China. Numerous negotiations still did not sway the UnitedRead MoreThe Japanese Attack On Pearl Harbor2930 Words   |  12 PagesStates failed to predict the Japanese a ttack on Pearl Harbor. Relevant literature demonstrates that the U.S. did predict a war. In fact, it is argued that the U.S infiltrated the war through means of strategy and manipulation of persuasions within Japanese politics. Some of the tactics used included the use of negotiations and sanctions which inevitably forced Japan to initiate war. This case report demonstrates that the direct cause of failing to predict Pearl Harbor was due to uncertainty of theRead MoreJapanese Attack On Pearl Harbor Essay1825 Words   |  8 Pagesthousands of Japanese-Americans, regardless of United States citizenship status, were required to evacuate their homes and businesses. Sparked by rising fear and anxiety of the American people after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, a United States Naval base in Hawaii, Japanese-Americans were moved to remote areas on the West Coast, where they were isolated in internment camps organized and run by the United States Government. Despite the lack of any concrete evidence, the U.S. forced Japanese-AmericansRead MoreJapanese Attack On Pearl Harbor1495 Words   |  6 Pageslaunch an attack on the naval base of Pearl Harbor. It was completely unexpected as many sailors thought the attack was just a drill, but in the end, it resulted in many casualties. Japan’s decision to attack Pearl Harbor w as a mistake because the United States declared war on Japan the day after the attack. The United States decision to join World War II was a major support to the Allies, as it eventually led to the defeat of the Axis powers. Thus, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor was a turningRead MoreJapanese Attack On Pearl Harbor1139 Words   |  5 Pages1941: Attack on Pearl Harbor: On December 7, 1941, Japanese military attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. This surprise attack left over two thousand people dead and destroyed a majority of the base’s planes and battleships. The United States had previously been neutral and did not have involvement in World War II, but, as a result of the attack, the United States declared war on Japan. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor is an important event in history because it is whatRead MoreJapanese Motivations for the Attack on Pearl Harbor1556 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Japanese government behind the air attack on Pearl H arbor? To assess these motivations, the significance of Pear Harbor, the result of the attack, the overall intentions of the Japanese government, as well as the relations with them and the United States are being identified and evaluated in this investigation. In addition, the attack itself must be evaluated to have a full understanding of the attack and its intention. B. Summary of Evidence The Japanese military strike on Pearl Harbor occurredRead MoreThe War After The Japanese Attack On Pearl Harbor1469 Words   |  6 PagesIvan Peng, Erin Wong Galloway HUSH Period 6 11 February 2017 WW2 Propaganda From 1941 to 1945, the United States fought in the second world war after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. It had created a chaotic environment for America as a whole; panic spread across the nation and many were fearful of the Axis powers. Because the government is an accurate representation of its people, the people will always reflect the behaviors of their government. Thus, nations needed to remain strong and tenacious

Immunization Provides Direct And Effective Protection...

Immunization provides direct and effective protection against preventable diseases, and hence it is one of the most cost effective public health interventions. Vaccines are preventing 2-3 million deaths due to diphtheria, pertussis(whooping cough) tetanus and measles worldwide. WHO launched the Expanded Immunization Program (EPI) in 1974 against 6 vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) namely, diphtheria, polio, tuberculosis, pertussis, measles and tetanus. Government of India introduced EPI in 1978, which was later changed to Universal Immunization Program (UIP) in 1985. In reality, the aim with which UIP started, that is to reduce burden of VPDs, is only partially achieved. VPDs are still responsible for around 5, 00,000 deaths in India out of the total 1.5 million deaths in world. India is one of the countries with lowest immunization coverage in the world. According to data from National Family Health Survey 2005-06 (NFHS 3), only 43.5% of children aged between 12-23 months were fully vaccinated. (Fully immunized child is the one who has completed the recommended schedule of BCG, DPT, 3 doses of OPV and measles vaccine before 1 year of age) According to UNICEF coverage evaluation survey 2009, 61% of children between age 12-23 months were fully immunized in India and 7.6% of same age children did not receive any vaccination. The same survey also reports that drop- out rates were also significantly high and differed for different vaccines. Drop- out rate for BCG-DPT3 was 18%,Show MoreRelatedPreventing Immunization Rates And Reduce Preventable Infect ious Diseases1341 Words   |  6 Pagesreductions in infectious disease mortality, largely to immunization. (Healthy People 2020). Nation’s attempt to control diseases, Vaccines are one of the most cost-effective clinical preventive services and are a core component of any preventive services of infectious diseases(Healthy People 2010)because diseases do not stop at geopolitical borders or exclusive only to third world countries. Immunizations saved 33,000 lives. prevents 14 million cases of disease,and it reduces direct healthcare costsRead MoreVaccines Prevent The Human Race1697 Words   |  7 Pagesamong children younger than age 5 every year, [however;] 1 child dies every 20 seconds from a disease that could have been prevented by a vaccine† (Global Health Security: Immunization). Providing immunity to human, vaccines have saved countless lives through one simple injecting and have eradicated many diseases that used be common among people. Vaccines is the soluti on and allow us to be able to combat diseases that have overwhelmed humans for centuries. Having this preventative practice has been extremelyRead MorePros And Cons Of Vaccination1665 Words   |  7 PagesVaccinations, Worth A Shot! Mandated Vaccinations are a huge argument right now because of health and disease issues. There are people on both sides of this argument. Some people are against vaccinating their children because they feel they are being forced to have their child get vaccinated. While some people feel the need that vaccinations are important to protect themselves from any illness or diseases. Vaccinations should be mandatory for all schools and health care purposes. For one, people who areRead MoreVaccines Are The Best Effective Preventative Tools Against Highly Infectious Disease?2037 Words   |  9 PagesVaccines are thought to be some of the most effective preventative tools against highly infectious disease processes and their complications. Routine vaccinations in the United States have led to drastic declines in vaccine-preventable diseases (Omer, Salmon, Orenstein, DeHart, Halsey, 2010) such as mumps, rubella, polio, smallpox and diphtheria. These diseases are occurring at less than 1% of what they were during the pre-vaccine era, especially in higher income countries. Vaccination requirementsRead MoreVaccination Is The Human Body Protect An Individual From Infection Or Disease?1407 Words   |  6 Pagesbroad range of prevantable diseases. World wide, millions if not billions of people are reprieved from ever being infected by certain diseases and viruses that could kill or leave them scarred even should they survive the virus. The low death toll and spread of diseases are directly connected to the use of vaccination. The main purpose of vaccination is to increase disease immunity among people and large populations. Vaccines teach the human body how to defend against foriegn The vaccine â€Å"teaches†Read MoreMandatory Vaccination For Children : A Health Policy Debate1905 Words   |  8 Pagesscience makes advancements and diseases processes evolve and emerge. Around 400 BC, Hippocrates recognized the now preventable diseases, such as diphtheria and mumps (Immunization Act Coalition, 2015). The first effort to immunize dates back to the 1100’s when children were inoculated with scabs from individuals who recently had small pox, with a technique coined as variolation. Then in 1796, Edward Jenner successfully created the first small pox vaccine (Immunization Act Coalition, 2015). AccordingRead MoreCultural Perspectives on Vaccination1164 Words   |  5 Pagesthey have, and that vaccines have been largely advantageous to public health. Main points of contention: Pro-vaccinators (usually health care specialists, microbiologists, governments, pharmaceutical companies) Vaccinations are an effective and cost-saving tool for disease prevention. Positive externality attached to the use of vaccinations – overall public health is positively affected Side-effects are infrequent and the most common ones are minor. Anti-vaccinators (some conservative Islamic and ChristianRead MoreNonvaccinated Children in Public Schools1793 Words   |  8 Pagesmake sure their child is protected from infectious diseases and wants to do everything in their power to prevent any illness in the future. Every day there are thousands of babies born in this world and as parents we know that their immune systems are not ready to take on the illnesses that this world has. So why not protect your child? The American Academy of Pediatrics state that childhood vaccines are 90 – 99% effective in preventing disease. The risks of not being vaccinated far outweigh theRead MoreNonvaccinated Children in Public Schools1785 Words   |  8 Pagesmake sure their child is protected from infectious diseases and wants to do everything in their power to prevent any illness in the future. Every day there are thousands of babies born in this world and as parents we know that their immune systems are not ready to take on the illne sses that this world has. So why not protect your child? The American Academy of Pediatrics state that childhood vaccines are 90 – 99% effective in preventing disease. The risks of not being vaccinated far outweigh theRead MoreThe Social Issues Of Vaccinations1740 Words   |  7 Pagescriteria and increased awareness, has fueled concerns that an environmental exposure like vaccines might cause autism. BIOLOGY (PROCESS / MECHANISM) Diseases that vaccines prevent can be dangerous, or even deadly. Vaccines greatly reduce the risk of infection by working with the body’s natural defenses to safely develop immunity to disease. Vaccines help develop immunity by imitating an infection. This type of infection, however, does not cause illness, but it does cause the immune system to

Whichever definition one may opt to use, it is clear that a crime is a vice Free Essays

A crime is an act or an omission which contravenes the laid down rules of a given country. (Jones, 2008) This then follows a punishment imposed by the same law which has been contravened. Crime can also be defined as a disruption of the normal social order in the society. We will write a custom essay sample on Whichever definition one may opt to use, it is clear that a crime is a vice or any similar topic only for you Order Now (David, 2005) Whichever definition one may opt to use, it is clear that a crime is a vice in the society and all measures must be taken to contain the same.   Having defined what constitutes a crime, the next question that comes into our minds is, why do people engage in crime?   Of what benefits is it to be involved in criminal activities?   This paper takes an in-depth look as to the various reasons why people involve themselves in crime.   Most importantly this paper shall focus on how exactly an individual gets into crime and basically the pathway to crime. A random survey was taken in 1997 from the streets and separate criminals were asked why they opted to engage themselves in criminal activities.   Some said they did it due to desperation and lack of money, others said they found it being an easy way of getting money without tiring. To others criminal activities were a means by which they earned their living while to others they did it out of stress and depression.   To some others they were pressured and influenced by their peers and before they realized it they were already in crime.   To some people crime was a way of avenging themselves against people who have wronged them. (David, 2005) As already mentioned individuals engage in crime for several reasons.   Some individuals will therefore get out of crime if the factor that is catalyzing their involvement in criminal activities ceases to exist. For instance if a person engages in crime due to stress and depression, if the depression is dealt with medically or otherwise it consequently mean that the particular individual will no longer continue in crime as the factor that was influencing his/her involvement in crime no longer exists. It is surprising however to note that not every criminal will get out of criminal activities even when the factor that was influencing his criminal activities ceases to exist.   This one therefore means that there are people who are life course offenders and will always be involved in crime regardless of their situation. This in essence means that there are two categories of people. These are the desisters also known as adolescent-limited offenders and persisters also known as life course persistent offenders.   It is important to differentiate these two groups so as to know how to deal with each. Adolescent limited offenders as the phrase suggests have their criminal activities limited to the adolescent age. This is the age bracket after which they quite engagement in criminal activities.   Adolescent limited offenders do not extend their criminal activities into adulthood. (Jones, 2008) Psychologists have confirmed that most youth engage in a lot of antisocial behavior during their adolescence.   This however fades as they continue to mature. On the other hand life course persistent offenders demonstrate antisocial behavior however mild from childhood all the way to adulthood. (Jones, 2008) These two groups must therefore be dealt with differently. In dealing with desisters it is important that they are made aware of the consequences of their actions and guided so that they may reform. Psychologists also indicate that parents of desisters and the society at large should be cautious so as not to brand them as criminals as this may have a psychological impact on them. It is also important to keep warning them and eventually they will become law abiding citizens. It is very vital to identify the life course offenders or the persisters early enough so as to be able to deal with them effectively. There are various ways of dealing with this group which include: institutional training, finding a job for them to do so that they may not be idle. Occasionally these offenders may go for counseling or be put on probation as a correctional method. In conclusion therefore it is important to identify and differentiate the two types of criminals that there are in order to deal with them effectively. Bibliography Farrington David P (2005) Integrated Development and Life Course Theories of Offending London, Transaction Publishers Jones David (2008) Understanding criminal behavior: Psychosocial approaches to criminality, New York, William Publishing How to cite Whichever definition one may opt to use, it is clear that a crime is a vice, Papers

Social Media Marketing In Hospitality Industry-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Role of Social Media Marketing In Hospitality Industry. Answer: Introduction The current review of literature is premised on role of social media marketing in tourism industry. Considering the context of destination marketing, role of social media is being more profound in the contemporary world. With exponential growth of social media, both in the global and Australian market, the demand for understanding the role of social media in the operation of hospitality industry has been increased. Lifeline of the hospitality industry is people - who are perceived as consumers/customers by hospitality firms such as hotels and restaurants. Therefore, these organisations use a plethora of online marketing tools and techniques as a new marketing channel in order to connect with their customers. Conceptual Framework Figure 1: Conceptual Framework (Source: Created by learner) Critically analysing the Emergence of social media marketing In the last decade, the rise of social media has been a major socio-cultural revolution, coupled with significant economic outcomes. People have joined in different social media platforms and this has contributed to ballooning of those online communities. In opinion of Leung et al. (2015, p.149), such changes have enabled people to express their opinion on matters more effectively and instantly and this has changed landscape of marketing in the hospitality industry. In addition, Demographic factors such as age and gender, coupled with socioeconomic status have enhanced concept of customer relationship in the hospitality industry (Leung et al. 2013, p.5). Figure 2: Number of Facebook users in Australia from 2015 to 2022 (in millions) (Source: Statista.com, 2017) As of Jan 2017, there are 16 million active Face book users in Australia. Given the total national population of the country in 2017 was 24.3 million; approximately 65.8% of the Australian population is on Facebook. Apart from Facebook, Snapchat and Instagram have also rapidly increased their user base in Australia, 1 in every 5 Australian now use Instagram and 1 in every 6 Australian is an active user of Snapchat (Socialmedianews.com.au, 2017). Considering these statistics, the penetration of major social media in the Australian population can easily be surmised. Identifying the role of Social Media and Online Marketing Social media is considered an online application for online marketing and therefore hospitality brands seek to effectively utilise these platforms for building online communities consisting, loyal customers/consumers. As commented by Bowie et al. (2016, p.142), hospitality brands use social media platforms for two major purposes, a) building a new business model that incorporates a product-marketing channel and b) establishing a strong relationship with customers without encountering major obstacles in terms of time and place. Defining online community In context of hospitality industry, an online community can be defined as a group of people sharing their experiences through social media, expressing their opinions and providing necessary criticisms on services offered (Kim et al. 2015, p.170). Characteristics of online community From sociological perspective, Sigala et al. (2012, p.182) has characterised an online community through twelve elements. While the first six elements here highlight the need for individuals and the expectations of the communities, remaining six elements are associated with the success of community. Figure 3: Sociological Elements of an Online Community (Source: Sigala et al. 2012, p.183) Bowie et al. (2016, p.212) has characterised online community from operational as well as theoretical perspectives. From a theoretical perspective, core elements of an online community are the place, symbols and virtual. On another hand, operational characteristics here include a) people b) purpose and c) the policies. Figure 4: Reasons people visit online communities (Source: Bowie et al. 2016, p.210) Kim et al. (2015, p.170) have also characterised social media community through need of people to a) obtain information b) engage into transaction (economic and social) c) build new relationships and d) voice out opinions (positive and negative). Critically discussing the theories of social media marketing Participation of people in social media is contingent on shared purpose, characteristics and inherent purposes of the concerned communities. Therefore, participation of individuals on social media can be clearly underpinned through theoretical explanations. Economic theory Owing to the economic power and capability of affecting power relationships existing between marketers and customers, social media has gained significant popularity since its inception. From an economic perspective, marketers from hospitality industry perceive the entire population of a country as an aggregation of potential customers who can avail their offered services/products and thus benefit the respective organisations (Ng and Lien, 2015, p.668). In this context, resource-based model is an effective tool to understand the economic impact of social media on business. As mentioned by Sotiriadis and Van Zyl (2013, p.115), participants of social media generate consumer value when they are satisfied from the services offered and their gained benefits outweigh the expended resources. However, Kandampully et al. (2015, p.380) has criticised this economic perspective by pointing out that social media communities also have the power to relocate the balance of power from marketers to end customers thus sometimes consumer perception can determine the fate of a particular hospitality brand. Social Theory Two social theories namely social exchange theory and social identity theory are also applicable in this study for exploring the motivations of social media users and the impact of social media activities on the operation of hospitality industry. Figure 5: Social theories (Source: created by leaner) In the opinion of Sigala et al. (2012, p.177), social exchange theory emphasises on the mutually beneficial interactions taken place among people outcomes of which are beneficial for both involved parties. Guided by the expectation of receiving social rewards, individual continues to contribute to communities and they also expect reciprocal responses from other members of the community. These behaviours are utilised by social media communities created by hospitality brands by rewarding their members with different forms of gifts and rewards. However, Ng and Lien (2015, p.657) has pointed out that there is always a saturation point in terms of rewards and when that is reached, social media marketing cannot yield business growth anymore. Social identity theory helps to explain how individuals utilize their membership identities for obtaining respect and approval in the community. As per Lange-Faria and Elliot (2012, p.195), this theory encompasses cognitive, evaluative and affective elements. This element helps the marketers to create loyalty among their customers; lastly, the evaluative element assesses the value of an individual's membership in certain social community. Kim et al. (2015, p.167) has stated that when individuals perceive themselves as members of a specific community, they express loyalty to that specific community or brand and take active part in the activities initiated by the community. Zeng and Gerritsen (2014, p.28) has criticised effect of this theory by saying that at certain point of time it becomes virtually impossible for a marketer to acknowledge the identities of each and every member of the community and from such point of time deliberate negative opinions start to manifest. Critically evaluating methods of social media marketing Marketing through social media has immense influence on customers of hospitality industry and tactful marketing campaigns utilise this potent tool of digital world for their own benefit. As Bowie et al. (23016, p.177) have pointed out, today everyone has an opinion in almost every topic, and this is the particular spot where marketers of digital world have come to vendor their products or services, owing the growth of consumer culture both in Australia and all over the world. Barons and moguls of hospitality industry have ventured into social media for effectively increasing expanding their empire of business, through expensing comparatively lesser resources. Major methods of social media marketing, employed by such individuals include- Figure 6: Types of Social media marketing (Source: Created by leaner) Word-of Mouth (WOM) marketing - This type of marketing does not actually involve the direct participation of marketer, rather it is just the act of consumers broadcasting information about certain products or services to other customers. Sotiriadis and Van Zyl (2013, p.104) has mentioned that when people find a valid reason for talking about certain good and services, then involuntarily spread the information in the society. In this way, it becomes much easier for the marketer to let the goodwill take control of the marketing. Engagement marketing - the quest of every organisation runs in a cyclic process of acquiring new customers, growing lifetime value and converting them to advocates (Kandampully et al. 2015, p.380). However, in todays digital world, it has become increasingly hard to perform these tasks without encountering any hurdles. With the advent and commercial outbreak of social media, customer reality has undergone a rapid change, thus engineering a new market reality. In the new marketing reality, organisational power has shifted from sales to marketing and purchasing power now resides with buyers instead of seller. Leung et al. (2015, p.152) has defined engagement marketing as a special setup of marketing where people are engaged continuously as individuals, based on their needs, irrespective of their place and geographical position. Integrated campaigns - this type of marketing is an effective strategy where a specific brand can focus on the local communities and continuity to be benefited from the global corporate parent. eri? et al. (2014, p.150) has stated that such marketing offers a holistic approach in communication marketing and therefore ensures that consumers will engage with the marketer the way he wants to. As result, market gains better control through practicing integrated campaign. Despite the benefits received from integrated marketing, there are some downsides of it also. Leung et al. (2015, p.151) has argued that integrated social media marketing has the capability to contradict the brand messaging. Analysing the impact of social media marketing in hospitality industry Benefits Figure 7: Benefits of social media marketing in hospitality industry (Source: Created by leaner) With increasing usage of different social media marketing techniques and tools, Australian hospitality industry has experienced significant benefits from these activities. Firstly, guest booking experience has revolutionised owing to the use of social media. On a global perspective, roughly 148.3 million travel bookings are made annually through the internet, implying a staggering 557% of all travel bookings (Maxwell, 2017). Secondly, implementation of search engine optimisation (SEO) has enabled hotels and restaurants to source their customers from the locality and thus strengthen their foothold in the local market also. Thirdly, activity on the social media has enhanced the practice of destination marketing as people are more engaged in recommending and suggesting places to each other in online communities (Hays et al. 2013, p.215). Figure 8: Distribution of social media platform usage by businesses in Australia as of April 2016, by business size (Source: Statista.com, 2017 Limitations Despite benefits realised from the internet and social media marketing, marketers of hospitality insert should not redirect their customers to Facebook. In the opinion of Maxwell (2017), such act will prompt them to browse through their own notifications and thus jeopardize the entire motive of social media marketing. Another major drawback in this context is the negative word-of-mouth propagation. As Pfeffer et al. (2014, p.120) has pointed out, social media users are often found to creating online firestorms in response to any sensitive activity of incident. Gap in Literature One major gap identified in previous research is the exclusion of social factors in describing the impact of social media on the operation of social media. Despite the immense significance of social lamberts such as identity, interaction and group behaviour, previous research has overlooked this area for the sake of emphasizing only on the economic outcomes of social media activity. Therefore, the researcher has endeavoured to bridge this gap in the current study and thus produce a holistic approach on the research issue. Conclusion This chapter has presented a critical understanding of the literature associated with the role of social media marketing in hospitality industry. For this purpose, research has introduced the scope of social media marketing by defining the term online community' and explaining the characteristics of such communities in brief. After that, economic and social theories of social media marketing, along with their impact in hospitality industry have been penned down. Major methods of social media marketing have been outlined after that, following by benefits and negative impacts of social media marketing Reference list Cowling, D. (2017). Social Media Statistics Australia January 2017. SocialMediaNews.com.au, 1 February, [online], Available at: https://www.socialmedianews.com.au/social-media-statistics-australia-january-2017/ [Accessed 10 Aug 2017] Hays, S., Page, S.J. and Buhalis, D., (2013). Social media as a destination marketing tool: its use by national tourism organisations.Current issues in Tourism,16(3), pp.211-239. Inversini, A. and Masiero, L., (2014). Selling rooms online: the use of social media and online travel agents.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,26(2), pp.272-292. Kim, W.G., Lim, H. and Brymer, R.A., (2015). The effectiveness of managing social media on hotel performance.International Journal of Hospitality Management,44, pp.165-171. Lange-Faria, W. and Elliot, S., (2012). Understanding the role of social media in destination marketing.Tourismos,7(1). Pp.193-211. Leung, D., Law, R., Van Hoof, H. and Buhalis, D., (2013). Social media in tourism and hospitality: A literature review.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,30(1-2), pp.3-22. Maxwell, T. (2017). Simplifying Digital Marketing For Hotels. Forbes, 1 June, [online], Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesagencycouncil/2017/06/01/simplifying-digital-marketing-for-hotels/#153f688c7b42 [Accessed 10 Aug 2017] Ng, E. and Lien, C.Y., 2015. Impact of social media in service innovations: An empirical study on the Australian hotel industry. InHospitality, Travel, and Tourism: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications(pp. 656-671). Hershey: IGI Global. Pfeffer, J., Zorbach, T. and Carley, K.M., (2014). Understanding online firestorms: Negative word-of-mouth dynamics in social media networks.Journal of Marketing Communications,20(1-2), pp.117-128. Sigala, M., Christou, E. and Gretzel, U. eds., (2012).Social media in travel, tourism and hospitality: Theory, practice and cases. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Statista.com, (2017), Distribution of social media platform usage by businesses in Australia as of April 2016, by business size, Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/650805/australia-social-media-presence/ [Accessed 10 Aug 2017] Statista.com, (2017), Number of Facebook users in Australia from 2015 to 2022 (in millions), Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/304862/number-of-facebook-users-in-australia/ [Accessed 10 Aug 2017] Zeng, B. and Gerritsen, R., (2014). What do we know about social media in tourism? A review.Tourism Management Perspectives,10, pp.27-36.